Growing chamomile (German vs Roman)
Two plants are sold as chamomile, and they are not the same. German chamomile (*Matricaria chamomilla*, also written *M. recutita*) is a self-seeding annual grown primarily for its flower heads, which are used to make the familiar chamomile tea. Roman chamomile (*Chamaemelum nobile*) is a.
Two plants are sold as chamomile, and they are not the same. German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla, also written M. recutita) is a self-seeding annual grown primarily for its flower heads, which are used to make the familiar chamomile tea. Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) is a low-growing perennial used as a ground cover or lawn substitute, with double-flowered forms prized for their ornamental value. Their care requirements overlap substantially, but they are distinct plants for different purposes.
I don't grow either chamomile at my Long Island plot. This guide is sourced from Extension publications.
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Identification: German vs Roman
Per NC State Extension:
| Characteristic | German chamomile (M. chamomilla) | Roman chamomile (C. nobile) |
|---|---|---|
| Life cycle | Annual | Perennial (zones 4-9) |
| Height | 18-24 inches | 3-9 inches (creeping) |
| Flowers | Single, hollow center (diagnostic) | Single or double; solid center |
| Fragrance | Sweet, apple-like | More pungent, slightly bitter |
| Primary use | Tea, medicinal | Ground cover, ornamental |
| Self-seeding | Prolific | Moderate |
The key identification test: cut a German chamomile flower head in half. The receptacle (the central cone) is hollow. Roman chamomile's receptacle is solid. Per Penn State Extension, this is the reliable identification marker.